Practice Areas

Civil Procedure is the busiest area of the Malaysian corpus, and the judgments collected here are less about substantive rights than about how a claim is brough…

Criminal Procedure is one of the most active areas in the corpus, reflecting a body of case law dominated by prosecutions and by appeals against conviction and …

Criminal Law gathers the substantive offences and the reasoning by which the Malaysian courts decide guilt, as distinct from the procedural mechanics collected …

Contract collects the disputes in which the Malaysian courts construe agreements, decide whether a binding bargain was formed, and determine the consequences of…

Company Law brings together the disputes that arise from the internal affairs of companies and their winding up. The judgments concern the rights of shareholder…

Administrative Law collects the challenges brought against the decisions and actions of public authorities. The dominant procedural vehicle is judicial review u…

Evidence collects the judgments in which the admissibility, weight and proof of material are decisive. The reasoning is anchored in the Evidence Act 1950 and cu…

Tort collects the claims for civil wrongs — negligence, defamation, false imprisonment, misfeasance in public office and the intentional torts — together with t…

Land Law collects the disputes over title, interest and dealings in land under the Torrens system established by the National Land Code. The judgments turn on i…

Damages collects the judgments in which the assessment of monetary compensation is the decisive question, whether the underlying claim lies in contract, tort or…

Constitutional Law collects the judgments in which the Federal Constitution is the decisive instrument — the guarantee of fundamental liberties, the separation …

Equity and Trusts collects the judgments that draw on equitable doctrine — the creation and enforcement of trusts, fiduciary obligation, breach of trust, and th…

Construction Law collects the disputes arising from building and engineering contracts, dominated by the statutory adjudication regime under the Construction In…

Employment and Industrial Relations collects the disputes between employers and employees and the review of the industrial-adjudication process. The judgments c…

Bankruptcy and Insolvency collects the disputes arising from the personal insolvency of individuals, distinct from the corporate winding up gathered under Compa…

Defamation collects the judgments in which a party sues over a publication said to injure reputation — libel and slander — and the defences the law provides. Th…

Family Law collects the disputes arising from marriage and its breakdown under the Law Reform (Marriage and Divorce) Act 1976, together with questions of custod…

Arbitration collects the judgments in which the courts support, supervise or give effect to arbitral dispute resolution under the Arbitration Act 2005. The reas…

Land Acquisition collects the disputes arising from the compulsory acquisition of land by the State under the Land Acquisition Act 1960, distinct from the broad…

Banking and Finance collects the disputes between financial institutions and their customers, guarantors and counterparties. The judgments concern the banker-cu…

Strata Management collects the disputes arising from the management of subdivided buildings and mixed developments under the Strata Management Act 2013 and the …

Limitation collects the judgments in which the timeliness of a claim is decisive — whether an action was brought within the period the Limitation Act 1953 and t…

Revenue Law collects the disputes between taxpayers and the revenue authorities — the Inland Revenue Board and the Royal Malaysian Customs Department — over the…

Probate and Administration collects the disputes over the estates of deceased persons — the validity of wills, the grant and revocation of representation, and t…

Housing Development collects the disputes between house buyers and developers under the Housing Development (Control and Licensing) Act 1966 and its regulations…

Restitution collects the judgments concerned with unjust enrichment and the recovery of benefits conferred without a valid basis. The reasoning draws on section…

Landlord and Tenant collects the disputes arising from tenancy agreements — the recovery of rent, the termination of a tenancy, and the rights of the parties on…

Insurance collects the disputes over insurance policies, dominated by motor insurance and the statutory framework protecting road-accident victims under the Roa…

Intellectual Property collects the disputes over trade marks, patents and related rights, together with the common-law action for passing off. The reasoning is …

Legal Profession collects the disputes concerning advocates and solicitors and the regulation of the profession under the Legal Profession Act 1976. The judgmen…

Moneylending collects the disputes turning on the Moneylenders Act 1951 — whether a transaction is an enforceable loan or an unlicensed and therefore illegal mo…

Remedies collects the judgments in which the relief the court can grant is the decisive question — declarations, injunctions, mandatory orders and the discretio…

Islamic Banking and Finance collects the disputes arising from financing structured on Shariah principles, distinct from conventional banking. The judgments con…

Statutory Interpretation collects the judgments in which the meaning of legislation is the decisive question — how the courts read Acts of Parliament and subsid…

Islamic Law collects the judgments in which the civil courts confront questions touching Islam and the boundary between the civil and Syariah jurisdictions unde…

Public Utilities collects the disputes arising from the supply of electricity and water and the statutory powers of the utility providers. The judgments are dom…

Conflict of Laws collects the judgments in which a foreign element is decisive — the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments, questions of choice of ju…

Agency collects the judgments concerned with the relationship between a principal and an agent — the authority to bind the principal, the duties owed, and the r…

Partnership collects the judgments concerned with the relationship between partners in a firm — the existence and terms of a partnership, the obligations partne…

Admiralty and Shipping collects the judgments arising from maritime disputes — the arrest of vessels, carriage of goods by sea, charterparties, and the statutor…

Commercial Law collects the general commercial disputes that do not fall squarely within a more specific area — dealings between businesses, the liability of so…